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Learn Palindrome Program in Java

A palindrome is a word, phrase, or string of characters that reads exactly the same both forward and backward. It’s a string that, to put it simply, is written the same way from right to left and left to right. In this blog, we will understand how to write a palindrome program in Java along with different methods and more.

Method 1: Check if a string is a Palindrome or not in Java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeExample {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a string: ");
       String str = sc.nextLine();
       String reverse = "";
       for(int i = str.length()-1; i>=0; i--) {
           reverse = reverse + str.charAt(i);
       }
       if(str.equalsIgnoreCase(reverse)) {
           System.out.println(str + " is a palindrome");
       }
       else {
           System.out.println(str + " is not a palindrome");
     }
   }
}

Explanation of code for Palindrome Program, using a predefined String

The code is a Java program to check whether a given string is a palindrome or not. Here is an explanation of the code along with the output:

  1. Importing necessary package: We are importing the Scanner class, which accepts user input, from the java.util package.
  2. Declaring and initializing variables: We declare and set up three variables: The variable “sc” represents the Scanner class, which we use to read user input. We store the input string entered by the user in the variable “str”. We keep the reversed string of “str” in the variable “reverse”.
  3. Reversing the input string: Using a for loop, we iterate through the str string backwards and store the characters in the resultant reverse string.
  4. Checking for Palindrome: We are checking if the original string str is equal to the reversed string reverse, and if they are equal, we print that the string is a palindrome or not.

Output: 

Enter a string:
madam
madam is a palindrome

Let’s dive into the Java Palindrome Program’s second variant further. 

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Method 2: Check whether a string in Java is a palindrome, without using a predefined String

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeExample {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a string: ");
       String str = sc.nextLine();
       int length = str.length();
       boolean isPalindrome = true;
       for(int i=0; i<length/2; i++) {
           if(str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(length-i-1)) {
               isPalindrome = false;
               break;
           }
       }
       if(isPalindrome) {
           System.out.println(str + " is a palindrome");
       }
       else {
           System.out.println(str + " is not a palindrome");
       }
   }
}

Explanation of code for Palindrome Program, without using a predefined String.

The above Java code is a program to check whether a given string is a palindrome or not. Here is the explanation of the code:

  1. Importing the required package: This line imports the Scanner class from the Java.util package, which we use to accept user input.
  2. Declaring and initializing variables: We are declaring and setting three variables to their initial values.:
    sc: In order to read user input, this variable is an instance of the Scanner class.
    str: We keep the input string that the user entered in this variable.
    length: The length of the str string is kept in this variable for future reference.
    isPalindrome: We determine whether or not the “str” string is a palindrome and store the result in this variable.
  3. Checking for Palindrome: To compare the characters from both ends of the str string, we are using a for loop to traverse half of the string. When a character from a string’s beginning does not match a character from its ending, we know the string is not a palindrome and set the isPalindrome variable to false. When we encounter an unbalanced pair of characters, we immediately exit the loop. 
  4. Printing the results: Based on the value of the isPalindrome variable, we are printing a message indicating whether the original string, str, is a palindrome or not. Using the aforementioned code, you can quickly determine whether a string is a palindrome or not. We decrease the number of required iterations by considering only half of the string.

Output:

Enter a string:
racecar
racecar is a palindrome
Enter a string:
hello
hello is not a palindrome

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Method 3: Palindrome Program using While Loop

The following is an illustration of a Java while loop-based palindrome program:

import java.util.Scanner;
public class PalindromeWhileLoop {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.println("Enter a string: ");
      String str = sc.nextLine();
      String reverse = "";
      int length = str.length();
      int i = length - 1;
      while (i >= 0) {
          reverse = reverse + str.charAt(i);
          i--;
      }
      if (str.equals(reverse)) {
          System.out.println(str + " is a palindrome");
      } else {
          System.out.println(str + " is not a palindrome");
      }
  }
}

Explanation of code for Palindrome Program using While Loop

The while loop enables code to run repeatedly depending on a specified Boolean condition.

In this program, we ask the user to enter a string before using the Scanner class to read it. Next, we create the reverse string, an empty string that will be used to store the reversed string. We then determine the length of the input string, and initialize a variable named “i” to “length – 1”. The input string’s characters are then iterated over using a while loop in reverse order, beginning with the last character and moving backward. We add the current character to the reverse string and decrease the value of “i” each time.

When the while loop is finished, we use the equals() method to compare the original input string str and the reversed string reverse. If they match, we print a message stating that the input string is a palindrome. If they do not match, we print a message stating that the input string is not a palindrome.

Output:

Here’s an example output of this program:

Enter a string:
racecar
racecar is a palindrome

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Method 4: Palindrome Program using For Loop

The for loop, as a control flow statement, enables the repetition of code based on a specified condition. Here is a Java program that uses a for loop to generate palindromes:

import java.util.Scanner;
public class PalindromeForLoop {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.println("Enter a string: ");
      String str = sc.nextLine();
      int length = str.length();
      boolean isPalindrome = true;
      for (int i = 0; i < length / 2; i++) {
          if (str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(length - i - 1)) {
              isPalindrome = false;
              break;
          }
      }
      if (isPalindrome) {
          System.out.println(str + " is a palindrome");
      } else {
          System.out.println(str + " is not a palindrome");
      }
  }
}

Explanation of code for Palindrome Program using for Loop:


This program prompts the user to enter a string and then reads the input using the Scanner class.
Then, the program determines the length of the input string and sets the Boolean variable “isPalindrome” to true. The second step involves iterating over the first half of the input string using a for loop to compare each character with its corresponding character from the string’s end. We set the isPalindrome variable to false and exit the loop if the characters do not match.

Output:

Enter a string: racecar
racecar is a palindrome

Tips and tricks to write a Palindrome Program in Java

A few tips and tricks to write a Palindrome Program in Java to write code in an efficient manner and also reduce the chances of error are as follows:

  • Choose the approach: Understand that there are multiple methods to determine if a string is a palindrome, such as using loops or predefined String functions. Decide on the most suitable approach for your program.
  • Divide the issue into smaller portions: The Palindrome Program is divided into small sections to make it easier to solve and debug problems.
  • Understand the problem statement: It is important to understand the problem statement before writing a program, as a palindrome is a string that reads the same forward and backward.
  • Handle edge cases: Edge cases must be handled separately, such as a string with no characters, one character, or spaces. It is important to make sure your program handles these properly.
  • Use appropriate data types: Select the proper data type for variables and arrays in Java, such as String data type when working with strings.
  • Test your program: Test the program using various test cases to ensure it is functioning properly and handling all edge cases.
  • Use comments: Use comments in code to make it easier for users to understand and make changes.

By following these tips and tricks, you can write a robust and efficient Palindrome Program in Java.

In conclusion, we have discussed how to write a “Palindrome Program in Java”. We have covered two variations of the program, one using a predefined String and the other without using a predefined String. You can use any of these variations depending on your requirements.

We hope you found our blog post on “Palindrome Program in Java” informative and beneficial. To keep upscaling your coding skills, Check out Newtum’s website and explore our online coding courses covering Java, Python, PHP, and more.

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Sagar Salunkhe

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